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On June 19th 2021 the Black and Tans burned Knockcroghery to the ground. A village of 50 houses in Roscommon in the geographical centre of Ireland. In the middle of the night 12 to 15 men arrived, fully armed, dressed in plain clothes, riding on four trucks. They were drunk. They ordered people out of their homes, firing rounds into the air and cursing at the populace. They doused the houses with petrol and set them on fire. Of the 50 houses they burned 47.
Widow Murray saved her house by gathering her seven children around her and telling the men to burn the house with them in it. An officer intervened and the men moved away.
This was not the first time the Black and Tans committed atrocities in Knockcroghery. In August of the previous year a constable was killed when he was shot in the lung in an IRA ambush near the town. The Black and Tans arrived some days later on Fair day and rounded up all the men. They kettled them into a handball alley at gunpoint and beat them with whips. There was an Irish tricolour painted in the handball alley. The police took paint from the local hardware and forced the men to paint out the tricolour using their hands. They then forced the men to smear the paint over their clothes.
This was the behaviour of the forces of “Law and Order” in Ireland during the period from 1919 to 1921. The British Administration, under guidance from no less than Winston Churchill, created two armed forces to suppress the Irish people. The Black and Tans were an auxiliary armed police force composed of World War 1 veteran soldiers, mostly damaged men who struggled to return to the normality of civilian life. Due to a shortage of black police uniforms they were dressed in a mixture of Police black and Military surplus Khaki. Hence the nickname “Black and Tans”.
The other force, more military in nature, was composed of former World War 1 Officers. These temporary cadets were called the Auxiliary Division and nicknamed “The Auxies”. They were even more calculating and more violent than the Tans.
Looking back it is hard to credit that the response of the British Crown to widespread disorder of the populace was to set mad dogs on the people. These people of Knockcroghery were (supposedly) British citizens. In reality the Irish were never treated as equals in the United Kingdoms of Britain and Ireland. We were treated as the untermenschen. English media portrayed the Irish as sub-human shambling Neanderthals, drunken, violent and slovenly. Stereotypes that are applied to underclasses in societies the world over.
100 years later and the ripples of 1921 continue to influence the political landscape of the island today. The DUP is in disarray with the ousting of Edwin Poots after only 21 days as party leader. His nominee as Northern Irelands First Minister, Paul Girvan, now has no support from his own party colleagues. The row is because Sinn Féin want the DUP to honour their commitment to introduce Language legislation for both Irish and Ulster Scots.
Sinn Féin secured a commitment from Westminster (where it refuses to sit) to pass the legislation if the Northern Assembly fails to bring it onto the agenda. The loyalists see it as a win by the republicans and cannot stomach any victory for the “shinners”.
When the Good Friday Agreement was signed in 1998 the loyalists believed that the IRA would not disband as they promised. The emerging truth is that any bad faith exists on the loyalist side of the fence. Just as in 1921 men of violence are waving union jacks and claiming legitimacy from the Crown. The UDA, UVF and Red Hand Commando are recruiting from a generation who grew up under the Pax Europa.
The return to violence in Northern Ireland is a direct result of Brexit. Thanks David Cameron. Thanks to the British Conservative Party. 100 years on and England still has not kept faith. Beware perfidious Albion.
Easter, 1916; by William Butler Yeats
I have met them at close of day
coming with vivid faces
from counter or desk among grey
eighteenth-century houses.
I have passed with a nod of the head
or polite meaningless words,
or have lingered awhile and said
polite meaningless words,
and thought before I had done
of a mocking tale or a gibe
to please a companion
around the fire at the club,
being certain that they and I
but lived where motley is worn:
All changed, changed utterly:
a terrible beauty is born.
That woman’s days were spent
in ignorant good-will,
her nights in argument
until her voice grew shrill.
What voice more sweet than hers
when, young and beautiful,
she rode to harriers?
This man had kept a school
and rode our wingèd horse;
this other his helper and friend
was coming into his force;
he might have won fame in the end,
so sensitive his nature seemed,
so daring and sweet his thought.
This other man I had dreamed
a drunken, vainglorious lout.
he had done most bitter wrong
to some who are near my heart,
yet I number him in the song;
he, too, has resigned his part
in the casual comedy;
he, too, has been changed in his turn,
transformed utterly:
A terrible beauty is born.
Hearts with one purpose alone
through summer and winter seem
enchanted to a stone
to trouble the living stream.
The horse that comes from the road,
the rider, the birds that range
from cloud to tumbling cloud,
minute by minute they change;
a shadow of cloud on the stream
changes minute by minute;
a horse-hoof slides on the brim,
and a horse plashes within it;
the long-legged moor-hens dive,
and hens to moor-cocks call;
minute by minute they live:
the stone’s in the midst of all.
Too long a sacrifice
can make a stone of the heart.
O when may it suffice?
that is Heaven’s part, our part
to murmur name upon name,
as a mother names her child
when sleep at last has come
on limbs that had run wild.
What is it but nightfall?
No, no, not night but death;
was it needless death after all?
For England may keep faith
for all that is done and said.
We know their dream; enough
to know they dreamed and are dead;
and what if excess of love
bewildered them till they died?
I write it out in a verse—
MacDonagh and MacBride
and Connolly and Pearse
now and in time to be,
wherever green is worn,
are changed, changed utterly:
A terrible beauty is born.